What voltage should be present at the starter B+ terminal?

12 to 12.45 volts, measured between the starter battery positive voltage (B+) terminal and the starter drive housing with the key OFF.

How do I test if the starter motor itself is bad?

With the key OFF and the transmission in PARK or NEUTRAL (or clutch fully depressed on a manual), connect a jumper wire from the starter B+ terminal and momentarily touch it to the solenoid "S" terminal. If the starter does not crank, the starter is defective and should be replaced.

What should I check if there is no voltage at the fender apron relay start terminal?

Check for an open circuit or high resistance in the external wiring or components: all circuit connections including the plastic hard-shell connector at the solenoid "S" terminal, the ignition switch, the park/neutral position switch or manual lever position sensor, and the anti-theft contact.

What does it mean if there is no voltage at the fender relay output terminal in step B3?

The fender apron relay is defective — remove and replace the relay.

What vehicle setup is required before running these starter tests?

The transmission must be in PARK or NEUTRAL for automatic transmissions, or the clutch pedal fully depressed for manual transmissions; key OFF for Test A and key in START for Test B.

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Ford Bronco Starter & Fender Apron Relay Diagnosis - Pinpoint Test Chart

Ford starter system diagnostic test chart steps A1-A2 and B1-B3 fender apron relay

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Ford starting-system pinpoint test chart (steps A1-A2, B1-B3) for checking voltage to starter, starter motor, and fender apron relay; specifies 12-12.45V as the OK voltage threshold.

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This document is a starter system diagnostic pinpoint test chart, laid out in the standard Ford shop-manual format with columns for Test Step, Result, and Action to Take. It contains two test sequences. Test A (steps A1–A2) checks for voltage to the starter: A1 verifies battery voltage (12–12.45V) between the starter B+ terminal and the starter drive housing with the key off; A2 uses a jumper wire from the B+ terminal to the solenoid "S" terminal to see if the starter cranks, with a failed test indicating a defective starter that should be replaced. Test B (steps B1–B3) diagnoses the fender apron (starter) relay: B1 checks the relay housing ground, B2 checks voltage at the relay start terminal with the key in START (failure points to open circuits, the ignition switch, park/neutral position switch or manual lever position sensor, or anti-theft contact), and B3 checks voltage at the relay output terminal, with failure indicating a defective fender apron relay to be removed and replaced. Each step notes the transmission should be in PARK or NEUTRAL (automatic) or the clutch pedal fully depressed (manual). A reader can use this chart to systematically isolate no-crank problems to wiring, the relay, or the starter motor.

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Frequently asked questions

What voltage should be present at the starter B+ terminal?: 12 to 12.45 volts, measured between the starter battery positive voltage (B+) terminal and the starter drive housing with the key OFF.
How do I test if the starter motor itself is bad?: With the key OFF and the transmission in PARK or NEUTRAL (or clutch fully depressed on a manual), connect a jumper wire from the starter B+ terminal and momentarily touch it to the solenoid "S" terminal. If the starter does not crank, the starter is defective and should be replaced.
What should I check if there is no voltage at the fender apron relay start terminal?: Check for an open circuit or high resistance in the external wiring or components: all circuit connections including the plastic hard-shell connector at the solenoid "S" terminal, the ignition switch, the park/neutral position switch or manual lever position sensor, and the anti-theft contact.
What does it mean if there is no voltage at the fender relay output terminal in step B3?: The fender apron relay is defective — remove and replace the relay.
What vehicle setup is required before running these starter tests?: The transmission must be in PARK or NEUTRAL for automatic transmissions, or the clutch pedal fully depressed for manual transmissions; key OFF for Test A and key in START for Test B.